All position_*() functions (like position_dodge()) return a
Position* object (like PositionDodge). The Position*
object is responsible for adjusting the position of overlapping geoms.
Details
The way that the position_* functions work is slightly different from
the geom_* and stat_* functions, because a position_*
function actually "instantiates" the Position* object by creating a
descendant, and returns that. The object is chaperoned by the Layer class.
To create a new type of Position object, you typically will want to override one or more of the following:
- The - required_aesand- default_aesfields.
- The - setup_params()and- setup_data()methods.
- One of the - compute_layer()or- compute_panel()methods.
Fields
- required_aes
- A character vector naming aesthetics that are necessary to compute the position adjustment. 
- default_aes
- A mapping of default values for aesthetics. 
- use_defaults
- Description - A function method for completing the layer data by filling in default position aesthetics that are not present. These can come from two sources: either from the layer parameters as static, unmapped aesthetics or from the - default_aesfield.- Usage - Position$use_defaults(data, params)- Arguments - data
- A data frame of the layer's data 
- params
- A list of fixed aesthetic parameters 
 - Value - A data frame with completed layer data 
- setup_params
- Description - A function method for modifying or checking the parameters based on the data. The default method returns an empty list. - Usage - Position$setup_params(data)- Arguments - data
- A data frame with the layer's data. 
 - Value - A list of parameters 
- setup_data
- Description - A function method for modifying or checking the data. The default method checks for the presence of required aesthetics. - Usage - Position$setup_data(data, params)- Arguments - data
- A data frame with the layer's data. 
- params
- A list of parameters coming from the - setup_params()method
 - Value - A data frame with layer data 
- compute_layer
- Description - A function method orchestrating the position adjust of the entire layer. The default method splits the data and passes on adjustment tasks to the panel-level - compute_panel(). In addition, it finds the correct scales in the layout object to pass to the panel computation.- Usage - Position$compute_layer(data, params, layout)- Arguments - data
- A data frame with the layer's data. 
- params
- A list of parameters coming from the - setup_params()method
- layout
- A - <Layout>ggproto object.
 - Value - A data frame with layer data 
- compute_panel
- Description - A function method executing the position adjustment at the panel level. The default method is not implemented. - Usage - Position$compute_panel(data, params, scales)- Arguments - data
- A data frame with the layer's data. 
- params
- A list of parameters coming from the - setup_params()method
- scales
- A list of pre-trained - xand- yscales. Note that the position scales are not finalised at this point and reflect the initial data range before computing stats.
 - Value - A data frame with layer data 
- aesthetics
- Description - A function method for listing out custom position aesthetics for this position adjustment. - Usage - Position$aesthetics()- Value - A character vector of aesthetic names. 
Convention
The object name that a new class is assigned to is typically the same as the
class name. Position class name are in UpperCamelCase and start with the
Position* prefix, like PositionNew.
A constructor functions is usually paired with a Position class. The
constructor copies the position class and populates parameters. The
constructor function name is formatted by taking the Position class name and
formatting it with snake_case, so that PositionNew becomes position_new().
See also
The new positions section of the online ggplot2 book.
Other Layer components:
Geom,
Layer-class,
Stat
Examples
# Extending the class
PositionRank <- ggproto(
  "PositionRank", Position,
  # Fields
  required_aes = c("x", "y"),
  # Methods
  setup_params = function(self, data) list(width = self$width),
  compute_panel = function(data, params, scales) {
    width <- params$width
    if (is.null(width)) {
      width <- resolution(data$x, zero = FALSE, TRUE) * 0.4
    }
    rank   <- stats::ave(data$y, data$group, FUN = rank)
    rank   <- scales::rescale(rank, to = c(-width, width) / 2)
    data$x <- data$x + rank
    data
  }
)
# Building a constructor
position_rank <- function(width = NULL) {
  ggproto(NULL, PositionRank, width = width)
}
# Use new position in plot
ggplot(mpg, aes(drv, displ)) +
  geom_point(position = position_rank(width = 0.5))
 
